Các công thức đổi HTHT - QKĐ

Structure 1: 

S + has/have + not + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + last + V2/ed 

--> The last time + S+ V2/ed + was + time 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ (last) + V2/ed 

Structure 2.:

S + has/have + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + started / began + to V / Ving 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ V2/ed 

Structure 3: 

S + has/have + not/never + V3/ed + ... before

--> This/It is the first time + S+ has/have+ V3/ed

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1. My best friend Ly, who can compose songs, sings folk songs very well.

N (người) + who + V 

2. The students whose reports are very valuable will be awarded the present.

N + whose + N 

3. The last time he smoked was 2 years ago.

Áp dụng structure 1

4. I started to learn French 3 years ago.

Áp dụng structure 2

5. The last time I met her was 5 days ago.

Áp dụng structure 1

6. This is the first time I have ever visited Halong bay.

Áp dụng structure 3

`color{orange}{~MiaMB~}`

`1,` My best friend Ly, who can compose songs, sings folk songs very well

- N + who + V

- "who" là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người

- Mệnh đề không hạn định

`2,` The students whose reports are very valuable will be awarded the present

- N + whose + N + V

- "whose" là hình thức sở hữu của who

`3,` The last time he smoked was 2 years ago

- The last time + S + V2 + ... + was + thời gian trong quá khứ

= S + haven't/hasn't + V3 + ... + for/since + thời gian

`4,` I started learning French 3 years ago

- S + started/began + V-ing/to V + thời gian trong quá khứ

= S + have/has + V3 + for/since + thời gian

`5,` The last time I  met her was 5 days ago

`6,` This is the first time I have visited Ha Long Bay

- This is the first time + S + have/has + V3 + ...

= S + have/has + never + V3 + ... + before