Các công thức đổi HTHT - QKĐ

Structure 1: 

S + has/have + not + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + last + V2/ed 

--> The last time + S+ V2/ed + was + time 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ (last) + V2/ed 

Structure 2: 

S + has/have + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + started / began + to V / Ving 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ V2/ed 

Structure 3: 

S + has/have + not/never + V3/ed + ... before

--> This/It is the first time + S+ has/have+ V3/ed

------------------------------------------------------------------

9. My aunt began / started teaching English 40 years ago.

11. Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson. 

Before + QKD, QKHT

12. After he had done all his exercises, he watched TV.

After + QKHT, QKD

13. After I had had a cup of coffee, I came to class.

14. It's years since I last stayed in a hotel.

15. This is the first time I have read such a good book.

16. She has learned English for ten years.

17. He hasn't gone home for two years.

18. She has played the piano for three years.

19. We haven't gone to the cinema for two months.

20. It is three months since he last lost the job, 

21. John has been playing the organ for five years.

`color{orange}{~MiaMB~}`

`color{red}{#Atr}`

`9.` My aunt started teaching English `40` years ago.

`11.` Before I went to school, I had gone over my lesson. 

`12.` After he had done all his exercises, he watched TV.

`13.` After I had had a cup of coffee, I came to class.

`14.` It's years since I last stayed in a hotel.

`15.` This is the first time I have read such a good book.

`16.` She has learned English for ten years.

`17.` He hasn't gone home for two years.

`18.` She has played the piano for three years.

`19.` We haven't gone to the cinema for two months.

`20.` It is three months since he last lost the job.

`21.` John has been playing the organ for five years.

`-------`

`@` Một số cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng thì QKĐ và HTHT

`1.` It is + time + since + S + last + V2/ed

`=` The last time + S + V2/ed + was + time (ago)

`=` S + last + V2/ed + time (ago)

`=` S + have/has + not + V3/ed + for/since + time

`2.` S + started/began + V-ing/to V + time (ago)

`=` S + have/has + V3/ed + for/since + time

`3.` S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before

`=` S + have/has + not + V3/ed + before

`=` This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed

`4.` This/S + is + so sánh nhất + N + S + have/has + ever + V3/ed

`=` S + have/has + never + V3/ed + V3/ed + such (a/an) N(s) + like this/as S + (before)

`5.` When + did + S + V `?`

`=` How long is it since + S + V2/ed `?`

`@` Sự phối hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian

`1.` Khi mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian ở thì QKĐ

`+)` Before + S + QKĐ, S + QKHT

`+)` After + S + QKHT, S + QKĐ