Các công thức đổi HTHT - QKĐ

Structure 1: 

S + has/have + not + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + last + V2/ed 

--> The last time + S+ V2/ed + was + time 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ (last) + V2/ed 

Structure 2:

S + has/have + V3/ed + for/since + time 

--> S + started / began + to V / Ving 

--> It is / has been + time + since + S+ V2/ed 

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C)

1. Nam has worked as a shipper for one year.

2. Mary hasn't met him for three years.

3. She has sent me an email for 2 weeks.

4. I have written a blog for 2 months.

5. They have studied Japanese for six months.

D)

1. The map was too old for me to read it.

S + be + too + ADJ + (for O) + to V : quá ... đến nỗi không

2. Liz wanted to buy a car, so he borrowed some money.

clause + so  + clause: vì vậy 

3. My mother went shopping yesterday but she didn't buy anything.

clause + but + clause : nhưng

4. Although it rained heavily, we all enjoyed the excursion.

Although + clause , clause : mặc dù 

5. These exercises are easy enough for you to do them.

S + be + ADJ + enough + (for O) + to V: đủ .. để làm gì

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