Câu tường thuật - dạng câu kể 

S + said to / told + O + (that) + S + V (lùi thì)

S + said + (that) + S + V (lùi thì)

S + say(s) / tell(s) + that + S+ V (k lùi thì)

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1. A 12-year-old girl says that she can mend the clothes by herself.

2. A group of boys says that they have to clean their rooms and keep them clean and tidy.

3. A boy says that he helps his friend to arrange the books. 

`color{orange}{~MiaMB~}`

1. A 12-year-old girl says that she can mend the clothes by herself.

- Lùi đại từ: I -> she ; myself -> herself

2. A group of boys says that they have to clean their rooms and keep them clean and tidy.

- Lùi đại từ: we -> they

3. A boy says that he helps his friend to arrange the books. 

- Lùi đại từ: I -> he ; my -> his

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`@` Câu gián tiếp - Câu trần thuật

=> S + asked/say/said/.... + that + S + V(lùi thì)