`->` Although she made the preparation for the examination carefully, she still failed it. 

 `-` Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ Noun phrase/V-ing/ the fact that+clause, +clause

`=` Although/ Even though/ Though + clause, clause

`-` Vế `2`  chia thì QKĐ `=>` khi viết lại, vế `1` cũng chia QKĐ

`-` QKĐ:

S+ V2/V-ed +O

`-` Verb + Adv 

Despite making preparation for the examination carefully, she still failed it.

`→` Although she made preparation for the examination carefully, she still failed it.

`-` Despite+ N-phrase/ V-ing: Mặc dù

`=` Although+ Clause (Clause= S+ V): Mặc dù