`1.` Because they performed well, they won that match.

`-` CT: Because + S + V, S + V

`=` Because of + N/Ving, S + V

`->` Chỉ nguyên do của hành động, sự việc

`-` V + adv `->` Bổ nghĩa cho ĐT

`2.` I wish I did something to help her.

`-` Câu ước ở hiện tại: S + wish (s/es) + S + Ved/c2/were + ...

`->` Diễn tả điều không có thật ở hiện tại

`3.` English has to be studied in all secondary schools in Malaysia by students because it is a compulsory second language.

`-` Because + S + V `->` Chỉ nguyên do của sự việc, hành động

`-` Bị động với have to: S + have to + be + Vpp + by + O

`4.` Despite his young age, he can earn a lot of money every month.

`-` CT: Although/Even though/Though + S + V, S + V

`=` In spite of/Despite + Ving/N, S + V

`->` Chỉ sự tương phản giữa ý của 2 mệnh đề

`5.` My husband advised me to have a mechanic check my motorcycle once a year.

`-` Why don't we/you + V-inf? `->` CT đưa ra lời gợi ý

`->` advise sb (not) to do sth: khuyên ai đó (không) làm gì

`-` have sb do sth `=` have sth done by sb: nhờ ai đó làm gì

`6. ` How long is it since you last spent Christmas with your family?

`-` CT: How long is it + since + S + (last) + Ved/c2? = When + did+ S + (last) + V?

`->` Đã bao lâu rồi kể từ (khi nào)?

`7.` The building which/that was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.

`-` 'The building' là DT chỉ vật `->` Dùng đại từ quan hệ 'which' trong mệnh đề quan hệ

`-` Vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định nên ta có thể dùng 'that'

`-` Bị động thì QKD: S + was/were + Vpp + by + O

`-` Bị động thì HTHT: S + have/has + been + Vpp + by + O

`8.` This program is being watched by about thirty million people.

`-` Bị động thì HTTD: S + is/am/are + being + Vpp + by + O

`9.` If you didn't often stay up late, you wouldn't be tired.

`-` Câu điều kiện loại II: If + S + were/Ved/c2 + ..., S + would + V-inf

`->` Diễn tả điều không có thật ở hiện tại

`10.` Soccer is said to be the best game to play.

`-` Bị động đặc biệt với ĐT thông báo:

S + be + ĐTTB (ở dạng Vpp) + to V + by + O

`11.` Without air, we couldn't survive.

`-` Câu gốc đang miêu tả một điều không có thật ở hiện tại là không có không khí ('there is no air')

`->` Dùng câu điều kiện loại II (CT bên trên)

`-` Without sth = If there were (no) sth

`12.` I suggest (that) she (should) turn off the lights when going to bed.

`-` turn on (phs v): bật >< turn off (phs v): tắt

`-` CT 'suggest': S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + (should) + V-inf

`13.` Edison, who invented the electric light bulb, was a great scientist.

`-` 'Edison' là DT chỉ người `->` Dùng đại từ quan hệ 'who'

`-` CT thì QKD: S + was/were/Ved/c2

`1.` Because they performed well , they won that match.

`-` Because of + V-ing/Noun , S + V

`=` Because + S + V , S + V

`2.` I wish I did something to help her.

`-` Câu ước ở hiện tại : S + wish(es) + S + V-ed/c2

`3.` English has to be studied in all secondary schools in Malaysia by students because it is a compulsory second language.

`-` Bị động : S + have/has + to + be + Vpp + ... + (by+O)

`4.` Despite being very young , he can earn a lot of money every month.

`-` Though + S + V , S + V

`=` Despite + V-ing/Noun , S + V

`5.` My husband asked me why I didn't have a mechanic check my motorcycle once a year.

`-` Câu tường thuật : S + asked + O + wh + S + V(lùi thì)

`6.` How long is it since you last spent Christmas with your family ?

`-` When + did + S + V-inf + ... ?

`=` How long is it since + S + (last) + V-ed/c2 + ... ?

`7.` The building which was destroyed in the fire has now been rebuilt.

`-` "which" thay thế cho "the building".

`8.` This program is being watched by about thirty million people.

`-` Bị động HTTD : S + am/is/are + being + Vpp + ...

`9.` If you didn't often stay up late , you would not be tired.

`-` CDK loại `2` : If + S + V-ed/c2 + ... , S + would + V-inf

`10.` Soccer is said to be the best game to play.

`-` Bị động HTD : S + am/is/are + Vpp + ... + (by+O)

`11.` Without air , we could not survive.

`12.` I suggest he should turn off the lights when going to bed.

`-` CT : S + suggest + S + (should) + V-inf + ...

`13.` Edinson who invented the electric light bulb was a great scientist.

`-` ĐTQH "who" thay thế cho "Edinson".